NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 5 Nursing Project Proposal & Communication Assessment

Student Name

Capella University

NURS-FPX 8045 Doctoral Writing and Professional Practice

Prof. Name

Date

SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE ON OBESITY

Obesity is a multifaceted, progressive, and recurring chronic condition characterized by abnormal or excessive body fat that detrimentally impacts health and well-being. Acknowledged as a growing epidemic, it is defined by a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 30 kg m^−2, with morbid obesity classified as a BMI of 30 kg m^−2 or higher. The prevalence of obesity in the United States has surged from 4.6% in 1980 to 14.0% in 2019, affecting 42% of adults and incurring healthcare expenditures of $3.8 trillion in 2019. Despite its recognition as a chronic disease, obesity remains significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated.

ARTICLES REVIEWED

This synthesis explores five articles related to obesity prevalence, presenting a comprehensive table in the appendix and critically reviewing the evidence for proposing an obesity-related project. The identified research articles encompass a 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity by Boutari and Mantzoros (2022), a study on misalignment in perceptions, reality, and actions in obesity by Caterson et al. (2019), a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies on the lived experience of people with obesity by Farrell et al. (2021), a meta-analysis on sedentary behavior and physical inactivity by Silveira et al. (2022), and a study on trends in general and abdominal obesity in US adults by Sun et al. (2022).

LITERATURE REVIEW

The critical review of the literature reveals that the prevalence of obesity has escalated over the past decade, with repercussions including musculoskeletal complications, metabolic effects, and an increased risk of various malignancies. Caterson et al. (2019) highlights the gap in care for obese patients, emphasizing the need for interventions beyond lifestyle changes. Silveira et al. (2022) underscores the prevalence of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity in individuals with obesity, suggesting screening for readiness to change. Farrell et al. (2021) emphasizes the lived experience of people with obesity, advocating for a holistic approach to address the complexities of this chronic disease. Sun et al. (2022) examines the trends in general and abdominal obesity, reaffirming the persistent burden of obesity in the US.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this synthesis underscores the urgency of addressing the obesity epidemic, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions that go beyond lifestyle changes. Understanding the lived experience of individuals with obesity and recognizing the impact of sedentary behavior are crucial aspects of developing effective strategies. The synthesis emphasizes the importance of a multifaceted approach to tackle the complexities of obesity and improve patient outcomes.

REFERENCES

Boutari, C., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2022). A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: As its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on. Metabolism, 133, 155217.

Caterson, I. D., Alfadda, A. A., Auerbach, P., Coutinho, W., Cuevas, A., Dicker, D., Hughes, C., Iwabu, M., Kang, J., Nawar, R., Reynoso, R., Rhee, N., Rigas, G., Salvador, J., Sbraccia, P., Vázquez‐Velázquez, V., & Halford, J. C. (2019). Gaps to bridge: Misalignment between perception, reality and actions in obesity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 21(8), 1914–1924.

NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 5 Nursing Project Proposal & Communication Assessment

Farrell, E., Bustillo, M., le Roux, C. W., Nadglowski, J., Hollmann, E., & McGillicuddy, D. (2021). The lived experience of people with obesity: Study protocol for a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Systematic Reviews, 10(1).

Silveira, E., Mendonça, C., Delpino, F., Elias Souza, G., Pereira de Souza Rosa, L., de Oliveira, C., & Noll, M. (2022). Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity and obesity in adults and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 50, 63–73.

Sun, J.-Y., Huang, W.-J., Hua, Y., Qu, Q., Cheng, C., Liu, H.-L., Kong, X.-Q., Ma, Y.-X., & Sun, W. (2022). Trends in general and abdominal obesity in US adults: Evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey (2001–2018). Frontiers in Public Health, 10.

CITATION

Boutari, C., & Mantzoros, C. (2022). European Regional Report on Obesity by WHO (May 2022).

Caterson, I., et al. (2019). ACTIONIO study – Cross-sectional, noninterventional.

Silveira, E. A., et al. (2022). Investigate prevalence/incidence of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Farrell, K., et al. (2021). Synthesis of qualitative studies: Comprehensive literature search.

Sun, Z., et al. (2022). Investigate trend in general and abdominal obesity in US adults: Complex stratified multistage-clustered sampling design.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Boutari & Mantzoros (2022): Evaluation division of the world into six regions: African, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, European, South East Asian, and Western Pacific.

Caterson et al. (2019): Adults with obesity and HCPs; Obesity considered a chronic disease.

Silveira et al. (2022): Associations between sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, and obesity.

Farrell et al. (2021): Lived experience of people with obesity; Obesity is a complex chronic disease.

Sun et al. (2022): Investigation of trends in general and abdominal obesity in US adults.

DESIGN/METHOD

Boutari & Mantzoros (2022): Analysis of preexisting data.

Caterson et al. (2019): Online survey in 11 countries; ACTIONIO study – Cross-sectional, noninterventional.

Silveira et al. (2022): Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Farrell et al. (2021): Synthesis of qualitative studies; Comprehensive literature search.

Sun et al. (2022): Complex stratified multistage-clustered sampling design.

SAMPLE/SETTING

Boutari & Mantzoros (2022): European Regional Report on Obesity by WHO (May 2022).

Caterson et al. (2019): Adults with obesity and HCPs; 19,700 completed surveys.

Silveira et al. (2022): 23 studies involving 638,000 adults.

Farrell et al. (2021): Adults with obesity (BMI > 30).

Sun et al. (2022): 44,184

adults from NHANES.

MAJOR VARIABLES STUDIED AND THEIR DEFINITIONS

Boutari & Mantzoros (2022): BMI > 25 kg/m² and obesity > 30 kg/m², age, gender (M/F), location.

Caterson et al. (2019): BMI > 25 kg/m² and obesity > 30 kg/m², age, gender (M/F).

Silveira et al. (2022): BMI > 25 kg/m² and obesity > 30 kg/m², age, gender (M/F).

Farrell et al. (2021): BMI > 30.

Sun et al. (2022): Weight, height, BMI.

MEASUREMENT

Boutari & Mantzoros (2022): WHO definition of overweight, prevalence rates (%) of overweight and obesity by sex, age, and region between 1980 and 2019.

Caterson et al. (2019): PwO assumed full responsibility for weight loss (81%), obesity considered a chronic disease by 68% of PwO and 88% of HCPs.

Silveira et al. (2022): PRISMA guidelines followed.

Farrell et al. (2021): Qualitative studies extracted independently by two researchers.

Sun et al. (2022): Weighted sex-specific logistic regression models.

DATA ANALYSIS

Boutari & Mantzoros (2022): Analysis of preexisting data.

Caterson et al. (2019): – (Not specified).

Silveira et al. (2022): Prevalence of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity. Associations with obesity found.

Farrell et al. (2021): Lived experience of people with obesity. Obesity is a complex chronic disease.

Sun et al. (2022): General and abdominal obesity prevalence. Increasing trend in both males and females.

FINDINGS

Boutari & Mantzoros (2022): America has one of the highest obesity rates. Prevalence higher in women. Increases with age up to 50-65 years. The age-standardized prevalence of obesity increased from 4.6% in 1980 to 14.0% in 2019.

Caterson et al. (2019): Obesity is a chronic disease; most PwO assume responsibility for weight loss.

Silveira et al. (2022): Obesity screening recommended for BMI ≥ 30.

Farrell et al. (2021): This article defines a need for obesity screenings in primary care.

Sun et al. (2022): General and abdominal obesity are a heavy health burden among US adults.

APPRAISAL: WORTH TO PRACTICE

Boutari & Mantzoros (2022): (Not specified).

Caterson et al. (2019): – (Not specified).

Silveira et al. (2022): – (Not specified).

Farrell et al. (2021): – (Not specified).

Sun et al. (2022): – (Not specified).