NR 283 Quiz 3

Student Name

Chamberlain University

NR-283: Pathophysiology

Prof. Name

Date

Pathophysiology

Name: ___

The following pathophysiology questions explore key concepts in hematology and cardiology. They focus on disease mechanisms, underlying causes, and clinical manifestations of conditions such as anemia, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Each question carries 1.5 points, except for question 17, which is worth 1 point.

What term is used to describe a deficit of white blood cells?

A deficit in white blood cells compromises the immune system, leaving individuals more susceptible to infections. The condition characterized by a decreased number of circulating white blood cells is called leukopenia.

Options:
a. Leukopenia
b. Neutropenia
c. Pancytopenia
d. Erythrocytosis

Why are individuals with type AB blood considered universal recipients?

People with type AB blood can safely receive blood from any ABO blood group. This is because their plasma lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies, preventing immune reactions against transfused red blood cells with A or B antigens.

Options:
a. Contains A and B antibodies
b. Contains A and B antigens
c. Lacks A and B antibodies
d. Lacks A and B antigens

What causes numbness and tingling in individuals with untreated pernicious anemia?

Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency in vitamin B12, which is essential for proper nerve function. The lack of B12 leads to peripheral nerve damage, manifesting as numbness and tingling in extremities.

Options:
a. Persistent hyperbilirubinemia
b. Increasing acidosis affecting metabolism
c. Multiple small vascular occlusions affecting peripheral nerves
d. Vitamin B12 deficit causing peripheral nerve damage

What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding hemoglobin, inherited from both parents. This genetic defect leads to abnormally shaped red blood cells that can obstruct blood flow and reduce oxygen delivery to tissues.

Options:
a. Defective gene inherited from both parents
b. Chronic bacterial infection
c. Bone marrow depression
d. Autoimmune reaction

In cases of polycythemia vera, why is blood pressure elevated?

Polycythemia vera is characterized by an increase in red blood cell mass, which elevates blood viscosity and overall blood volume. This increased volume contributes to higher blood pressure and can strain the cardiovascular system.

Options:
a. Frequent infarcts in coronary circulation
b. Increased blood volume
c. Congested spleen and bone marrow
d. Increased renin and aldosterone secretion

NR 283 Quiz 3 – Answers Table

Question No.	Answer	Rationale
1	a	Leukopenia refers to a reduction in the number of white blood cells, weakening the immune response.
2	c	Individuals with AB blood are universal recipients because their plasma lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies, preventing immune reactions during transfusions.
3	d	Numbness and tingling in pernicious anemia result from vitamin B12 deficiency causing damage to peripheral nerves.
4	a	Sickle cell anemia arises from a defective gene inherited from both parents, producing abnormally shaped red blood cells.
5	b	Elevated blood pressure in polycythemia vera is due to increased blood volume, which increases vascular resistance.

References

American Heart Association. (2021). Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2021 update. American Heart Association.