BIOS 255 Week 1 Lab Instructions

Student Name

Chamberlain University

BIOS-252: Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab

Prof. Name

Date

Lab Instructions: Mastering Laboratory Safety and Blood Typing Techniques

Laboratory exercises are essential in building a strong foundation in human anatomy and physiology. During Week 1, students engage in activities designed to develop laboratory safety awareness, practical skills in blood typing, and understanding of blood histology. The main components of this week include a Lab Safety Quiz, Blood Typing Experiment, and Blood Histology PowerPoint Presentation. The following sections provide detailed instructions and expectations for each activity.

Laboratory Safety Quiz: A Foundational Step

Prior to conducting any laboratory experiments, it is crucial to demonstrate an understanding of safety procedures. The Lab Safety Quiz ensures that all students are aware of potential hazards and proper laboratory conduct.

Key Requirements:

Review Safety Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with the Chamberlain University Laboratory Safety Training materials. These guidelines cover essential protocols to protect both you and your peers during experiments.
Certification Completion: After studying the slides, complete the online Lab Safety Quiz in Canvas by the specified due date. Successful completion certifies your knowledge of laboratory safety practices.

Points: 5 points

Blood Typing Experiment and Analysis

The Blood Typing Experiment offers hands-on experience in identifying blood types and understanding their relevance in medical transfusions. This activity is divided into Pre-Lab Preparation and Lab Execution.

Part 1: Pre-Lab Activity

Before attending the lab, students must complete the pre-lab activity, which provides the theoretical foundation needed to understand antigen-antibody interactions.

Submission: Upload your completed Pre-Lab Activity to Canvas by the due date.
Points: 5 points

Part 2: Conducting the Blood Typing Experiment

Students will work in teams to analyze blood samples using Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-Rh serums. Agglutination reactions indicate the blood type.

Materials Needed:

Blood typing slides
Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-Rh serums
Toothpicks for stirring

Procedure:

Step	Action
1	Place one drop of blood into each designated well on the slide.
2	Add Anti-A serum to well A, Anti-B serum to well B, and Anti-Rh serum to well C.
3	Stir each well using a separate toothpick for 30 seconds. Dispose of toothpicks after each use to prevent cross-contamination.
4	Observe and record any agglutination reactions. Determine blood type based on results.
5	Submit one completed worksheet per team to Canvas, listing all team members.

Points: 10 points

Blood Histology PowerPoint Presentation

This assignment focuses on identifying and documenting the cellular components of blood, enhancing your understanding of their structure and function.

Instructions:

Obtain a Blood Smear Slide: Examine the prepared slide using a microscope.
Identify and Photograph Blood Cells: Locate and capture images of the following cells:
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils (can be sourced online if not present in the sample)
- Platelets (small purple dots)
Create a PowerPoint Presentation:
- Dedicate one slide per blood element.
- Include a photograph, brief description, function, normal concentration, and potential clinical conditions affecting the count.
- Follow APA formatting and cite references per Chamberlain’s Academic Integrity Guidelines.

Submission: Upload the completed PowerPoint to Canvas by the due date.
Points: 10 points

Understanding Blood Typing: Ensuring Safe Transfusions

Blood typing is a critical skill for healthcare professionals, as incompatible transfusions can trigger agglutination and severe complications such as acute renal failure.

Antigens and Antibodies:

Blood types are determined by antigens on red blood cells.
If an incompatible blood type is transfused, antibodies will attack the foreign cells, causing clumping.
Example: A person with Type A blood (A antigens) will produce antibodies against Type B blood, resulting in agglutination if transfused with Type B blood.

ABO and Rh Systems:

Blood Type	Percentage of U.S. Population
O+	38%
A+	34%
B+	9%
O-	7%
A-	6%
AB+	3%
B-	2%
AB-	1%

Understanding these distributions is essential for determining safe transfusion practices.

Conducting a Blood Typing Test: Step-by-Step

Materials Required:

Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D (Rh) serums
Blood typing slides
Toothpicks
Blood samples from donors

Procedure:

Sample	Anti-A	Anti-B	Anti-Rh	Blood Type
1	+	–	+	A+
2	–	+	–	B-
3	–	–	–	O-
4	+	+	+	AB+

Positive agglutination indicates the presence of the corresponding antigen.

Conclusion

By completing Week 1 lab activities, students will acquire essential competencies in laboratory safety, blood typing, and histological identification of blood elements. Understanding antigen-antibody interactions and the consequences of transfusion mismatches is vital for safe medical practice. Students are encouraged to adhere to deadlines and academic integrity standards throughout the course.

References

Chamberlain University. (2024). Laboratory safety training guidelines. Chamberlain University Press.

Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2021). Human anatomy & physiology (11th ed.). Pearson.

BIOS 255 Week 1 Lab Instructions

McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2021). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier.