Capella 4000 Assessment 2

Capella 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills

Student Name

Capella University

Capella 4000 Assessment 2

Prof. Name

Date

Applying Research Skills

Healthcare systems worldwide encounter many challenges which occur due to various hindrances that need to be addressed so that poor health consequences are avoided. One such barrier to healthcare is limited accessibility. This topic is of my interest because it is one of the major goals that every individual should have adequate access to healthcare and healthcare providers should work with governmental bodies and policymakers to achieve positive outcomes of this goal. During my professional journey when I visited low-economic communities, I observed that most of the areas even did not have primary care facilities. Few doctors and nurses were available and were not qualified enough to provide quality healthcare. This disparity and unavailability of healthcare facilities in rural areas make people vulnerable to poor health consequences.

Applying Peer-Reviewed Articles to Limited Healthcare Access

Health is important to have a socially and economically comprehensive life and to achieve this status in life, healthcare access is essential. It is imperative to obtain access to quality healthcare facilities to maintain good health, combat diseases, and live a productive life. The World Health Organization declared healthcare as a basic human right and thus it is an important responsibility to provide every citizen of a country their basic health rights (Zegeye et al., 2021). The reasons for inadequate healthcare access are geographical locations, unavailability of healthcare providers, commuting issues, and lack of awareness. These factors result in poor health outcomes, increased morbidity and mortality rates and eventually lead to a financial crisis (Dawkins et al., 2021). Globally, around 400 million people have inadequate access to healthcare out of which approximately 8 million face mortality due to not receiving treatment for diseases. This has given the economy a burden of around $6 trillion especially in developing countries (Zegeye et al., 2021).

The reason to include these peer-reviewed articles is their explicit explanation of the topic. Additionally, the author identified the factors which lead to limited healthcare access so that effective strategies can be developed to provide quality healthcare to every individual. These articles are recently published so they are up-to-date in their information.

The articles presented above and in the annotated bibliography are extracted from various databases; Capella University’s Library, BioMed Central, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect. Research of relevant resources becomes easier if appropriate keywords are utilized. For this analysis, the keywords used are: “limited access to healthcare”, “lack of availability of health facilities”, “healthcare access in low and middle-income countries”, “healthcare made available”, and “the importance of healthcare accessibility”.

Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Resources

The standard test used to determine the credibility and relevance of the articles is the CRAAP test. CRAAP test is developed for the same reason so that authentic and credible resources are used to describe and mitigate any healthcare issue (Lewis, 2018). CRAAP is an acronym for – C (currency), R (relevance), A (authority), A (accuracy), and P (purpose). The sources used for annotated bibliography are evaluated based on these 5 criteria in which relevance has been given priority by finding topic-related articles using the keywords mentioned above. Moreover, the filters were kept on databases for articles that are only 5 years old to maintain credibility by identifying current publications. Authors and publication journals were authorized and the information was suitably justified by authentic sources. Lastly, the articles chosen were evaluated for their purpose which was around the topic; of limited healthcare access.

The reasons to include these evidence-based and credible resources in the annotated bibliography are to specifically describe the healthcare issue, identify hindrances of the issue and consequently help readers to develop effective strategies so that positive health outcomes are achieved.

Annotated Bibliography

Brusnahan, A., Carrasco-Tenezaca, M., Bates, B. R., Roche, R., & Grijalva, M. J. (2022). Identifying health care access barriers in southern rural Ecuador. International Journal for Equity in Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01660-1

This purpose of the article is to provide a framework which is called the Health Care Assess Barrier (HCAB) Model for the people of Ecuador so that the hindrances can be identified which are leading to limited healthcare access and effective solutions can be developed. It is explained that the HCAB model works on three broad categories of barriers; financial, structural, and cognitive, which are further subdivided into more themes. This research concluded with various barriers for the people of Ecuador and intervention like the establishment of mobile clinics/primary care was suggested. However, further research was also recommended.

This article is credible because it complies with CRAAP criteria – currency (the year 2022), relevance (the research topic is based on finding barriers to healthcare access which is relevant to the subject of this analysis), authority (authors are healthcare professionals, and the publication journal is one of a peer-reviewed authentic journal), accuracy (all the opinions are backed with relevant sources and research findings are explicitly explained), purpose (the purpose of the article is to make readers aware about the framework which can be utilized worldwide for better identification of barriers).

Coombs, N. C., Campbell, D. G., & Caringi, J. (2022). A qualitative study of rural healthcare providers’ views of social, cultural, and programmatic barriers to healthcare access. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07829-2

The article referenced above is a study that involved 12 healthcare providers from a rural area in the U.S. who were asked to provide their views on the barriers to healthcare access in the area. It was concluded that lack of healthcare access is a very common issue in the states, especially in underdeveloped areas. The reasons which were identified in this article are limited healthcare providers, cultural differences, unavailability of resources, and disintegrated communication. It was recommended that every aspect should be monitored carefully so that the health outcomes of the rural population can be improved.

The article is relevant and included in the bibliography because it is published in 2022. Furthermore, the authors and research participants are healthcare professionals so the information provided is from first-hand experiences and is accurately established in the article. The article is relevant as the limited access to healthcare is profoundly found in rural populations thus awareness of the barriers is essential to address the issue immediately.

George, M. S., Davey, R., Mohanty, I., & Upton, P. (2020). “Everything is provided free, but they are still hesitant to access healthcare services”: Why does the indigenous community in Attapadi, Kerala continue to experience poor access to healthcare? International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01216-1

This article is purposed to identify the reasons why the people of Kerala are still experiencing poor health outcomes despite the best possible healthcare facilities provided. The authors did a deep study and conclude that to improve healthcare access in these communities it is essential to develop health interventions according to their cultures, relevant to their lifestyles, and should involve the active participation of community members.

This article is relevant because various communities throughout the world face similar issues where people have limited access to healthcare because of their cultural and societal preferences. Thus, this article gives insight to healthcare providers to develop culturally sensitive plans. The credibility of the article can be evaluated by its current publication date, the authenticity of the journal it is published in, relevance with the current healthcare trends, and an insightful purpose.

Learnings from this Assessment

Some of the learnings from this assessment are

Every healthcare issue needs evidence-based research to properly examine the topic and find relevant interventions to address the issue effectively.
It is essential to identify the credibility of resources using standard test so that all the information used to develop quality plans are credible, reliable, and relevant to the topic being addressed.
Studying various articles related to limited healthcare access improved my existing knowledge on the topic, and helped me better understand the importance of healthcare access and why is it necessary to identify barriers to healthcare access. Consequently will assist me in incorporating the learned information in the communities where I practice.

Overall, developing the annotated bibliography assisted in the building of evidence-based interventions to improve healthcare delivery and access so that positive health outcomes are achieved.

References

Dawkins, B., Renwick, C., Ensor, T., Shinkins, B., Jayne, D., & Meads, D. (2021). What factors affect patients’ ability to access healthcare? An overview of systematic reviews. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 26(10), 1177–1188. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13651

Lewis, A. B. (2018). What does bad information look like? using the CRAAP test for evaluating substandard resources. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, (88). https://doi.org/10.29173/istl1724

Zegeye, B., El-Khatib, Z., Ameyaw, E. K., Seidu, A.-A., Ahinkorah, B. O., Keetile, M., & Yaya, S. (2021). Breaking barriers to healthcare access: A multilevel analysis of individual- and community-level factors affecting women’s access to healthcare services in Benin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020750