Capella 4030 Assessment 2 : Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

Student Name

Capella University

Capella 4030 Assessment 2

Prof. Name

Date

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are illnesses that are related to the heart and blood vessels of the human body. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) has conducted several studies on CVD and claims approximately 88 risk factors for cardiac diseases (Dong et al., 2022; Mc Namara et al., 2019). This study further revealed that the number of cases of cardiovascular diseases rose from 271 million in 1990 to 523 million in 2019. Cardiovascular syndromes are one of the categories of non-communicable diseases that lead to high mortality rates in the general population worldwide (Mc Namara et al., 2019).

Approximately 17.9 million people faced mortality due to CVDs in the year 2015. Furthermore, it is estimated that by the year 2030, more than 22.2 million people will die from CVDs each year (Kundu & Kundu, 2022). The number of deaths related to cardiac issues increased from 12.1 million to 18.6 million from 1990-2019 (Roth et al., 2020). The literature cited above advocates that cardiac diseases are one of the pertinent issues in the healthcare system and require evidence-based research to treat patients with these diseases. 

According to the research, the reason for using EBP is to enable policymakers to compare the potential interventions that help in preventing the progression of the disease, increasing the life span of survivors, and improving the cost-effectiveness of healthcare systems (Huffman et al., 2018). Moreover, the purpose of EBP is to provide effective care that is available in practices worldwide to improve patient outcomes (Abu-Baker et al., 2021). 

Criteria to Determine Credibility of the Resources

The standard criteria to determine the credibility of the resources is the CRAAP test, a test established to evaluate the credibility of sources. CRAAP  is an acronym for currency (it is to check if the resource is up-to-date and currently published), relevance (the literature used must be relevant in the context), authority (details about the author and the publishing journal of the resource), accuracy (are the claims accurate and well-supported by research), and purpose (what is the reason behind the research?) (Esparrago-Kalidas, 2021). 

In this example of a specific resource the CRAAP criteria are followed as mentioned below: 

Dong, C., Bu, X., Liu, J., Wei, L., Ma, A., & Wang, T. (2022). Cardiovascular disease burden attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 32(4), 897–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.11.012 

C – the article currently published in the year 2022 hence it has information that is updated. 

R – the topic of the article is related to Cardiovascular diseases which makes it relevant to the context of this analysis. 

A – the authors of this article are all healthcare professionals so the information provided is based on first-hand experiences. Moreover, the article is published in the “Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases” journal, making it more reliable and authentic. 

A – all the claims are backlinked with other research and are not based only on opinions. 

P – the purpose of the research is also well-developed in the abstract and is related to the CVD context. 

Credibility and Relevance of Evidence and Resources 

The pieces of evidence present in the context of CVDs are reliable and relevant in ways that they are related to the topic and maintain accuracy. The literature presented in this analysis is credible and relevant:

The article by Mc Namara and co-workers (2019) is credible as it is relevant to the topic. It explains the current trends and global burden encountered by cardiac problems and the involvement of pharmacists. The journal is peer-reviewed and publishes all original research (Mc Namara et al., 2019). Another resource that describes dietary involvement as a risk factor for CVDs is credible as it is relevant to the topic, the article fulfills the CRAAP criteria, and the journal accepts systematic reviews and meta-analyses that are registered. This advocates the credibility of the journal (Dong et al., 2022)

A resource authorized by Kundu and Kundu (2022) is credible as it is currently published and the topic is related to cardiac problems and the factors associated with them. This journal promotes articles on clinical epidemiology from developing countries in the context of global health (Kundu & Kundu, 2022). The study by Roth and colleagues (2020), is credible because of its relevance to the topic, its publishing date, and the journal in which it was published. JACC is one of the leading journals in cardiology, publishing original peer-reviewed clinical and experimental reports on all aspects of cardiovascular disease (Roth et al., 2020). 

These studies are examples of credible sources, as they provide evidence-based information to healthcare professionals so that health practice is based on evidence and patients’ outcomes are improved. The most useful resources are those that are credible as well as provide evidence-based interventions to prevent diseases and their complications. The two most credible resources in terms of CVD are a study by Belardo and colleagues (2022), which presents practical, evidence-based strategies to modify diet so that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) can be prevented among patients (Belardo et al., 2022). Another useful and credible study by Huffman and co-authors (2018) provides evidence-based interventions to control cardiovascular diseases (Huffman et al., 2018). Based on the analysis, the literature is useful for health workers so that best practices and interventions can be incorporated into their patients’ care, thus improving patient outcomes. 

Importance of Incorporating Credible Evidence into an EBP Model

The evidence-based practice (EBP) model comprises the most effective and best-practice interventions for healthcare professionals to solve or prevent various healthcare issues. Evidence-based practice is essential to improve healthcare safety and provide quality care to the patient (Li et al., 2019). This scholarly paper will highlight the Iowa model for nurses. This model was established at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics in the 1990s. It serves as a standard for nurses to use research outcomes to improve patient care and provide quality health care (Cullen et al., 2022). The steps of the Iowa model include 

1. Identification of the triggering factors – In terms of cardiac diseases, find the most common factors causing these diseases to occur and get complicated. For example, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. 
2. Asking if this is a priority for the organization – Analyze the clinical data that provide evidence for the death rate and complications of CVD.
3. Formation of a team – This team includes nurses, doctors, nurse practitioners, leaders, nutritionists, and a research committee. 
4. Find relevant and reliable research – Using credibility criteria (CRAAP test). 
5. Critically analyze the research for use in practice – identification of the strategies which are practically applicable and relevant to the context (diseases, organization, country, cultural preferences). For example, interventions like nutritional changes and physical activity in case of reducing obesity. 
6. Is there sufficient research? – Identify if there is a need for more research. If not, then the team should move to the next step. 
7. Pilot the change in practice – Selection of outcomes (for example, decreased obesity, improved lifestyle, etc), designing EBP guidelines, applying the change to the smaller population for trial purposes, and monitoring and evaluating the results. 
8. If the results apply to the practice, they are disseminated to the general population. Further monitoring is done to see results on the environment, patient outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and improved health care (Cullen et al., 2022).

Conclusion

In conclusion, evidence-based research and practice are essential for all healthcare professionals to incorporate into their practices to solve healthcare issues or prevent diseases. Evidence-based practice uses EBP models, which guide nurses and doctors to improve their care, and practices eventually improving patient outcomes. 

References

Abu-Baker, N. N., AbuAlrub, S., Obeidat, R. F., & Assmairan, K. (2021). Evidence-based practice beliefs and implementations: A cross-sectional study among undergraduate nursing students. BMC Nursing, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-00522-x  

Capella 4030 Assessment 2

Belardo, D., Michos, E. D., Blankstein, R., Blumenthal, R. S., Ferdinand, K. C., Hall, K., Klatt, K., Natajaran, P., Ostfeld, R. J., Reddy, K., Rodriguez, R., Sriram, U., Tobias, D. K., & Gulati, M. (2022). Practical, evidence-based approaches to nutritional modifications to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An American Society for Preventive Cardiology clinical practice statement. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 10, 100323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100323 

Cullen, L., Hanrahan, K., Edmonds, S. W., Reisinger, H. S., & Wagner, M. (2022). Iowa implementation for sustainability framework. Implementation Science, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-021-01157-5 

Dong, C., Bu, X., Liu, J., Wei, L., Ma, A., & Wang, T. (2022). Cardiovascular disease burden attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 32(4), 897–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.11.012 

Esparrago-Kalidas, A. J. (2021). The effectiveness of the CRAAP test in evaluating the credibility of sources. International Journal of TESOL & Education. https://i-jte.org/index.php/journal/article/view/25 

Huffman, M. D., Mohanan, P. P., & Prabhakaran, D. (2018). Evidence-based global cardiovascular disease control priority interventions. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 148(3), 247. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1482_18 

Kundu, J., & Kundu, S. (2022). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its associated risk factors among older adults in India: Evidence from Lasi Wave 1. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 13, 100937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100937 

Li, S., Cao, M., & Zhu, X. (2019, September). Evidence-based practice: Knowledge, attitudes, implementation, facilitators, and barriers among community nurses-systematic review. Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMD.0000000000017209 

Mc Namara, K., Alzubaidi, H., & Jackson, J. K. (2019). Cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death: How are pharmacists getting involved? Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, 8, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2147/iprp.s133088 

Roth, G. A., Mensah, G. A., Johnson, C. O., Addolorato, G., Ammirati, E., Baddour, L. M., Barengo, N. C., Beaton, A. Z., Benjamin, E. J., Benziger, C. P., Bonny, A., Brauer, M., Brodmann, M., Cahill, T. J., Carapetis, J., Catapano, A. L., Chugh, S. S., Cooper, L. T., Coresh, J., … Fuster, V. (2020). Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 76(25), 2982–3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

Capella 4030 Assessment 2